There is no one source. Refer to any EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) for a renewables project. Each will have it’s own blend of circumstances. Costs may be in seen offsets or other mitigation strategies.
A general overview of project requirements and approvals for NSW
https://www.energy.nsw.gov.au/renewable-energy/renewable-energy/solar/solar-farms
An alternate view point on tidal generation.
https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/measuring-the-risks-of-tidal-power/
Apologies the iPad does not turn hyperlinks to pretty boxes.
Arguably no one has yet tried to analyse or predict the flow on impacts of wind or tidal generation as to the wider scale impacts on the environment. Most focus has been on the immediate environmental impacts and as necessary mitigating those.
Fortunately some of Australia’s larger scale solar PV projects have used already converted land.
Off topic a little is that we already have a zero carbon footprint. This has been achieved through consciously renewing with lower carbon alternatives. LED lighting, variable speed household pressure pump, etc. That our site is a carbon sink produces offsets for those things we are still to improve to a lower carbon outcome.
Consequently any new expense has to be justified on a purely selfish lowest cost of living assessment. The interest in renewables is genuine. The return on investment for our household for PV electrical power generation is marginal at best and longer with battery storage. It might pay if we have in the near future runaway inflation as in the 1980-90s.
The alternative is for public generation to transition. Without storage the up front capital for large scale solar PV appears to have fallen from nearly $3,000/kW capacity (AGL 155MW for $440m Nyngan + Broken Hill) to $2,000/kW (Sunshine coast council 20MW for $37.5M plus, or Bungara SA 220MW for est $400M).
You need to multiply the cost by at least four times if you are comparing the total annual generating capacity of solar PV to any 24 hour baseload power station.
How this translates to the grid as replacement power for baseload is a complex discussion. Ultimately as more Solar and Wind generation or other intermittent sources come on line, the more vexing the problems and the greater the need to also invest in storage.
